Sabuwar Samfurin Noma a ƙarni na 21

Noma na dijital shine amfani da fasahar hango nesa, tsarin bayanai na ƙasa, tsarin matsayin duniya, fasahar komputa da sauran fasahohin bayanai don saka ido kan samar da amfanin gona da kiwo, ta haka inganta ingantaccen kayan gona da kiwo da inganci, da inganta zaman lafiya da ikon sarrafa aikin gona . Wani sabon salon noma wanda yake kara girman kare muhalli tare da tabbatar da cigaban aikin gona. Noma na dijital yana nuni da yanayin ci gaban zamani na aikin gona. Wannan labarin ya tattauna ma'anar da halaye na aikin dijital, tsarin fasaha da ra'ayoyin ci gaba na aikin dijital, wanda ke haifar da fatan noman dijital.

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In 1997, the United States formally put forward the concept of “digital agriculture”, which refers to intensive and informatized agricultural technology supported by geospatial and information technology. In 1998, U.S. Vice President Al Gore delivered a speech entitled “The Digital Earth 21st Century How Mankind Knows the Earth”, again defining digital agriculture as “agricultural production and management technology produced by the combination of digital earth and intelligent agricultural machinery technology”. Digital agriculture is quickly becoming the 21st century agricultural development strategy for all countries in the world, striving to seize one of the commanding heights of technology, industry and economy. Currently, 20%’ of arable land and 80% of large farms in the United States have implemented this model, and digital agriculture will be popularized by 2010. Our country’s understanding of digital agriculture is still in the enlightenment stage, but the government has attached great importance to it. my country has established experimental bases in Xinjiang and Beijing to control the operation of agricultural machinery with GPS and remote sensing. Although there is still a lot of basic work to be done in realizing the digital agriculture model, which requires a lot of investment, it should not be too long to enter the substantive stage. Digital agriculture reflects the general trend of agricultural modernization, and it will surely become a brand-new model of agriculture in the 21st century.

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1. The meaning and characteristics of digital agriculture

 Ana kuma kiran aikin gona na dijital takamaiman aikin gona ko aikin noma. Ma'anarta ita ce hada babban abu da sabuwar fasaha kamar fasahar hango nesa, tsarin bayanai na kasa, tsarin sanya duniya, fasahar komputa, sadarwa da fasahar sadarwa, fasahar kere kere da ilimin kasa, aikin gona, ilimin halittu, ilimin kimiyyar lissafi, da sauransu. kamar kimiyyar ƙasa da kimiyyar ƙasa don fahimtar sahihancin lokacin sa ido game da albarkatu da ƙasa daga macro zuwa ƙananan a cikin aikin noman, don samun nasarar samun bayanai na yau da kullun game da haɓakar amfanin gona, halin ci gaba, cututtuka da kwari, ruwa da takin zamani matsayi da yanayin da ya dace, Don samar da tsarin bayanai na sarari mai karko; kwaikwaya abu mai kyau da tsari wajen samar da kayan gona domin cimma manufar amfani da albarkatun gona yadda ya kamata, rage farashin kayan masarufi, inganta yanayin muhalli, kara yawan amfanin gona da ingancin kayayyakin amfanin gona, da kuma tabbatar da dorewar ci gaban aikin gona.

 Noma na dijital ya dogara ne akan noman filin, kuma dukkan tsari daga ƙasar noma, shuka, ban ruwa, hadi, gudanar da filin, kula da filin, kariya ta shuke-shuke, hasashen amfanin gona zuwa girbi, adanawa, da gudanarwa ana samun digitization, sadarwar da hankali, duk suna amfani da nesa hangen nesa da wayar salula, Kula da nesa, kwamfuta da sauran fasahohi masu tasowa don fahimtar ƙaddamar da bayanai, gudanar da ilimin kimiyya, sarrafa ilimin, da ingantaccen aikin noman. A cikin recentan shekarun nan, aikin gona na dijital ya ƙunshi aikin gona (ayyukan noma), ingantaccen kayan lambu, ingantaccen kiwo, sarrafawa mai kyau, gudanarwa mai kyau da gudanarwa, kamar su noma, dazuzzuka, kiwon dabbobi, shuka, kiwo, sarrafawa, samarwa, samarwa, da tallatawa.

 Noma na dijital yana da halaye masu zuwa: Na farko, lambobin da aka adana a cikin bayanan aikin gona na dijital suna da halaye na abubuwa da yawa, da yawa, na lokaci da kuma masu yawa. Maɓuɓɓugar bayanan bayanai tana nufin maɓuɓɓan bayanan bayanai daban-daban da nau'ikan bayanai daban-daban, waɗanda zasu iya zama hangen nesa, zane-zane, sauti, bidiyo, da bayanan rubutu. Bayanai sun kai girma guda biyar, daga cikinsu bayanan girma da girma uku da babu makawa zai kai ga manya-manyan bayanai masu yawa a cikin rumbun adana bayanan. Na biyu, don tsari da gudanar da irin wadannan nau'ikan bayanai masu dimbin yawa da yawa, musamman don tsari da gudanar da bayanan na lokaci, software na yau da kullun da ke kula da rumbun adana bayanai bai dace ba, kuma ya zama dole a yi nazarin wani sabon tsari na tsarin kula da bayanan zamani. . Kuma sannan samar da tsarin bayanai na sarari na ɗan lokaci. Wannan tsarin bayanan lokaci da sararin samaniya ba kawai zai iya adana bayanan sararin samaniya yadda yakamata ba, amma kuma a bayyane yana nuna sakamakon bayanai masu dimbin yawa da kuma nazarin sarari-lokaci. Na uku, aikin gona na dijital yana buƙatar ƙirƙirar wani sabon abu na halitta, samarwa, da tsarin tattalin arziƙi a cikin aikin noma da haƙiƙanin gaskiya bisa tushen yawan lokaci da bayanan sarari. Misali, kwaikwayon ragowar magungunan kashe qwari a cikin qasa da haqiqanin gaskiyar ci gaban amfanin gona, bala'oi na aikin gona da gaskiyar abin da ya shafi kasuwar kayan gona.

2. Tsarin tallafi na fasaha don aikin gona na dijital

Drivingarfin motsawa don bincike da haɓaka fasahar aikin gona na dijital shi ne gano bambance-bambancen sararin samaniya a cikin ainihin rarraba yanayin haɓakar amfanin gona da yawan amfanin gona a duk ƙasar noma mai noma da daidaita daidaito irin waɗannan bambance-bambancen. Ta hanyar fasahar "3S", watau hangen nesa RS, tsarin bayanai na GIS da tsarin saka GPS na duniya, yana yiwuwa a gano da kuma sarrafa bambance-bambance a tsakanin wadannan fannoni, tsakanin filaye da filaye a kan kari, don aiwatar da saka hannun jari dangane da ingantattun manufofin kasuwanci da cimma daidaitaccen amfani da damar amfani a fagen.

Noma na dijital yafi dogaro da cikakken tsarin fasahar 3S don yin kyakkyawan hangen nesa game da yanayin albarkatu, yanayin samarwa, bala'in yanayi da ƙarancin albarkatun noma, da kuma jagorantar mutane suyi aiki daidai na aikin gona a ainihin lokacin dangane da bambancin daban-daban. Kwarewa a cikin ayyukan noma shine don fahimtar sarrafa hankali da kimiyya don inganta kwanciyar hankali da ikon sarrafa aikin noma. A cikin sharuddan layman, aikin gona na dijital yana amfani da RS don sarrafa-macro, yana amfani da GPS don gano wuri daidai, kuma yana amfani da GIS don adanawa, sarrafawa da kuma fitar da bayanan ƙasa (yanayin kasa, fasalin ƙasa, nau'in amfanin gona da ci gaba, yanayin ƙasa da abubuwan gina jiki, da ruwa. yanayi, da dai sauransu), Sannan kuma a yi aiki tare da jujjuya bayanan kasa, sarrafa lokaci zuwa kewayawa da sauran tsarin, gwargwadon bayanan canjin sararin samaniya na abubuwan da ke yankin, daidai ya tsara mafi kyawun noma, hadi, shuka, ban ruwa, fesawa da sauran ayyukan, sauya gargajiya Maganar Aiki tana da kyau. Misali, a lokacin da ake fesa magungunan kwari, na'urori masu auna firikwensin za su iya samun takamaiman bayanai kan matakai daban-daban na kwari da cututtuka a fannoni daban-daban a cikin wani karamin yanki, kuma su daidaita adadin feshi a wurin don "tsara ainihin maganin". A yin haka, ba kawai zai iya adana ruwa, ƙasa ba, iri, magungunan ƙwari, takin zamani, da sauransu, amma kuma zai iya rage kuɗin aikin gona yadda ya kamata, ta yadda kowane inch na ƙasa za a iya amfani da shi yadda ya kamata, kuma kowane albarkatu na iya taka rawar da ta dace, kuma samu tare da sa hannun jari mafi tattalin arziki. Mafi kyawun samfuri na iya rage gurɓatar muhalli ta yadda ya kamata da kuma kare yanayin muhalli na aikin gona.

Wani fasaha mai hango nesa RS. RS muhimmin tushe ne na bayanan filin a cikin tsarin fasahar aikin gona na dijital. Tsarin zamanantar da aikin gona yana buƙatar tsara ingantaccen samarwa, fahimtar halin da albarkatun noma ke ciki, sa ido kan sauye-sauyensa da kuma hasashen ci gaba. Abubuwan fa'ida da ke tattare da fasahar hangen nesa, kamar saurin sauri, son rai, da tattalin arziki, sun sanya shi mafi kyawun hanyar sarrafa kayan noma da yanke shawara. Nisan fasahar hango nesa zai ba da cikakkiyar wasa ga fa'idodin tattara bayanai da sa ido mai ƙarfi a cikin aikin gona na dijital. Tauraron dan adam na tauraron dan adam na iya samar da bayanai game da yanayin yanayin yau da kullun, kuma ana iya amfani da radar ruwan sama don hasashen ruwan sama. Hakanan manyan tauraron dan adam masu hangen nesa na nesa da kuma tauraron dan adam masu hangen nesa na iya samar da bayanai kan lokaci da kuma hasashen aikin gona, dazuzzuka, kiwon dabbobi, kiwon kifin da ke gabar teku, da kamun kifi a teku. A cikin shekaru 30 da suka gabata, fasahar RS ta ba da gudummawa sosai ga binciken albarkatu da sa ido, hasashen amfanin gona mai yawan gaske, da hasashen bala'in noma. Hotunan jerin lokutan da RS suka samo zasu iya bada bayanai game da bambancin sarari na haɓakar amfanin gona a ƙasar noma, da kuma nuna bambancin yanayin nuna sararin samaniya saboda halayen gonakin gona da amfanin gona. Hotunan da aka tattara a lokuta daban-daban a cikin yanayi ana iya amfani dasu don ƙayyade canje-canje a cikin ƙimar haɓakar amfanin gona da yanayi. Jagoran ci gaban fasaha zai mai da hankali ne kan fasahar auna RS mai auna ƙasa, fasaha mai gamsarwa da yawa game da ciyayi da yanayin shuka iri, da fasahar sarrafa hoto ta gani.

2. Tsarin Bayanai na Yankin Kasa GIS. Fasahar GIS ta dogara ne akan bayanan yanayin ƙasa. Ta hanyar GIS, zaku iya samun kowane nau'in bayanan yanayin ƙasa, gami da zane-zane da hotuna, da kuma bincike daban-daban na yanayin ƙasa, vectorization da kuma tarin zane-zanen sararin samaniya. Bayan haka, samar da zane-zanen rarraba katako wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don jagorantar ayyuka. Dataarfin sarrafa bayanai na sararin samaniya, gudanarwa da ayyukan nazarin fasahar GIS yasa babu makawa haɗuwa da nazarin sararin aikin gona. Ba a amfani da GIS kawai don sarrafa bayanan sararin aikin gona, amma kuma dole ne ya samar da kayan aikin bincike, shiga cikin aikin bincike, nunawa da fitar da sakamakon binciken, da sauransu. Sabili da haka, fasahar GIS tana ba da ingantacciyar hanyar haɓaka don cigaban aikin gona na dijital.

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3. Global Positioning System GPS. Since the advent of Fasahar GPS , it has attracted people’s general attention with its advantages of high accuracy, high speed, and simple operation, and has begun to be used in agricultural management. Agricultural spatial analysis requires GPS to describe the soil moisture, fertility, weeds and pests, crop seedling conditions and yield in real time, and track each element. The real-time 3D positioning and precise timing functions of GPS technology provide practical technical means for agricultural digital analysis.

4. Virtual real VR fasahar . Fasahar VR tana nufin ƙirƙirar tsarin gaskiya na kamala wanda ke bawa mahalarta damar samun nutsuwa da cikakken hulɗa. Yana ba da nutsuwa ga mutane don kiyaye yanayi, godiya da yanayin ƙasa, da fahimtar mahaɗan. Tana iya amfani da fasahar gaskiya ta kamala ta zamani don nuna halin amfanin gonar da kwari da cututtuka suka shafa, da gaskiyar abin da ake samu na haɓakar amfanin gona, da gaskiyar abin da ya faru na bala'oi na aikin gona, da ƙaura na sauran magungunan ƙwari a ƙasar. Kwaikwayo da dai sauransu

5. Mai sarrafa kansa da fasaha fasaha kayan aikin injiniya . A ƙarshen 1980s, tsarin sa ido na kayan aikin gona da kayan aiki cikin hanzari ya zama mai sarrafa kansa da hankali. Ya samo asali ne daga sarrafa naúrar zuwa rarrabawar rarraba, kuma daga tsarin aiki kai tsaye zuwa tsarin yanke shawara na gudanarwa mai hadewa. Injinan aikin gona da aka kera da kwamfutoci, GPS, GIS da kayan gwaji da awo daban-daban, kamar masu girbi, masu shuka, masu ba da taki, masu fesawa, yayyafa, da sauransu, ban da ayyukan noma gaba ɗaya, amma har da aiki kai tsaye Da tattara abubuwa da ayyukan zane.


Post lokaci: Sep-25-2020