Ukufaka ubuchwepheshe be-GPS emikhakheni yezolimo nemishini yezolimo kungathuthukisa ngempumelelo izinga lokukhiqizwa kwezolimo nokusebenza kwemishini yezolimo. Ichaza ukwakheka kwe-GPS nobuchwepheshe be-GPS obuhlukile, ihlaziya ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwe-GPS kwezolimo zanamuhla nemishini yezolimo, ukuze inikeze inkomba yokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-GPS kwezolimo zesimanje ezweni lami.
The management of crop growth and material placement in traditional agriculture in my country is largely based on experience, while modern agriculture requires precise operations to manage different fields and crops separately, and carry out field management and material placement based on the growth characteristics of crops in the field and soil conditions , Management effectiveness and accuracy of material delivery have been greatly improved. In order to facilitate the management of farmland operations, a positioning system is required to accurately locate and record geographic locations. The use of global positioning system for data collection and the use of modern information technology for navigation on this basis can provide effective help for farmers to accurately grasp the location of agricultural machinery such as tractors and harvesters and farmland equipment, and greatly improve the accuracy of agricultural production. It is an important application of GPS technology in modern agriculture
1 Ukwakheka kwe-GPS
IGPS ibhekisa kuGlobal Positioning System. Umgomo wayo ukusebenzisa iziphuphutheki zokuzulazula ukuthola nokuthola izinto phansi. I-GPS yakhiwe izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: ukuqapha komhlaba, i-constellation yesikhala, nokwamukelwa komsebenzisi. Ukuqapha phansi kwehlukaniswe kwaba izingxenye ezintathu: isiteshi somjovo, isiteshi sokuqapha, nesiteshi esikhulu sokulawula. Isiteshi somjovo sinesibopho sokujova imininingwane eningiliziwe yesathelayithi;
Unesibopho sokuqapha ulwazi lwesikhathi sangempela seziphuphutheki, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uhlanganisa i-ephemeris; isiteshi esiyinhloko sokulawula sibuyekeza imingcele ehlukahlukene ngesikhathi. Lezi zingxenye ezintathu ziyabona ukuxhumana kwemininingwane ngosizo lobuchwepheshe besimanje bezokuxhumana, futhi zingashintshanisa imininingwane ehlukahlukene ngesikhathi sangempela. Ukusebenza nokulawulwa kwalezi ziteshi ezintathu konke kwakhiwe ngesisekelo samakhompyutha namawashi e-athomu, angabona ukuzenzakalela nokunemba kwenqubo yokusebenza. I-constellation yomkhathi ineziphuphutheki ezingama-24, lapho ama-3 awo kungama-satellite asele. Iziphuphutheki ezingama-24 zinamawashi we-athomu anemba kahle kakhulu. Amawashi e-athomu adlala indima ebalulekile kuma-satellite futhi ayisisekelo esibalulekile sokulawulwa kwesikhathi okunemba kakhulu. . Iziphuphutheki ezisezinkanyezini zesikhala zisebenza ngokulinganayo zisatshalaliswa emizileni eyisithupha, kanti isikhathi sokuzungeza cishe imizuzu eyi-11 h58, okunikeza isiqinisekiso esiphelele sokubhekwa kwesathelayithi kuzo zonke izindawo nezikhathi emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sezulu ngeke sithinte ukwamukelwa nokusakazwa kwezimpawu zesathelayithi, ngaleyo ndlela kufezekiswe ukuma komhlaba wonke, isikhathi esigcwele. Ingxenye ethola umsebenzisi ukuthola ngokunembile amasiginali adluliswa yisathelayithi ngesamukeli se-GPS, futhi asebenzise idatha etholakele ukugcina nokucubungula idatha ukuqedela insizakalo yokuzulazula nokuma. Kalula nje, ukulandelela imininingwane ehlukahlukene yesathelayithi, bese ucubungula futhi ukhulise isignali etholakalayo ukuthola isignali ye-GPS. Isikhathi esisithathayo ukusabalalisa kusuka kusathelayithi kuye kwi-antenna etholwayo sibalwa ngokususelwa kwimilayezo yokuzulazula eyenziwe yisethelayithi ye-GPS. Ukucutshungulwa kokuhumusha, bese uthola isivinini santathu, isikhathi nendawo yesiteshi. Kusukela emakethe yamanje yamazwe omhlaba, kunabakhiqizi abaningi bezamukeli ze-GPS. Isakhiwo sesamukeli se-GPS singahlukaniswa cishe sibe izingxenye ezimbili, okuyiyunithi yokwamukela neyunithi ye-antenna,
Iyunithi yokwamukela yakhiwa ukunikezwa kwamandla, iyunithi yokugcina, iyunithi yesiteshi, ukubalwa kanye neyunithi yokulawula yokubonisa, njll.
2Differential Ubuchwepheshe be-GPS
Ubuchwepheshe obuhlukile be-GPS buthuthukiswa ngobuchwepheshe be-GPS nobuchwepheshe bokuhlukanisa. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela i-GPS ukuthi ithole imininingwane enembile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzisi abasezingeni eliphakeme. Beka isamukeli se-GPS endaweni lapho kunendawo eqondile yokwenza isiteshi sesithenjwa. Lapho umamukeli wesiteshi esiyinkomba ethola imininingwane ebonakalayo yesathelayithi, izolinganisa i-pseudorange yesathelayithi ngokususelwa kulwazi bese iqhathanisa i-pseudorange nebanga eliqondile eligciniwe. Ngale ndlela, kutholakala iphutha lokulinganisa isikhundla semininingwane ebonakalayo yesathelayithi ohlelweni lwe-GPS. Leli phutha libizwa nangokuthi ibanga lokulungisa umehluko. Ngemuva kwalokho sebenzisa leli phutha njengenani lokulungisa ukuze uqhathanise nedatha ejwayelekile futhi udlulisele esiteshini sokuqalisa isikhala, ukuze uhlelo lwe-GPS lomsebenzisi ngamunye endaweni eseduze lithole isignali yokulungisa iphutha kusukela ekubaleni, ngaleyo ndlela kulungiswe inani lokulinganisa le-GPS ngaphakathi uhlelo lokuma nokuthuthukisa ukunemba kokubeka. Ukuma okuhlukile kwe-GPS kuzohlukaniswa ngokuya ngomehluko endleleni isiteshi sesisekelo esithumela ngayo imininingwane, kufaka phakathi umehluko wesigaba senkampani yenethiwekhi, umehluko we-pseudorange, umehluko wesikhundla, kanye nomehluko we-pseudorange obushelelezi besigaba. Njengamanje, lobu buchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene buye basetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene bokukhiqiza ezolimo ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane enembile yokuma kwezolimo kwanamuhla.
3 Application of GPS in modern agriculture
Inhloso enkulu yokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo zesimanje ukukhulisa isivuno kanye nenzuzo yezomnotho yezitshalo, nokwenza ngcono indawo yokutshala emasimini. Ukuze ufeze le nhloso ngempumelelo, akudingekile kuphela ukwenza ucwaningo nokwethulwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha ezisezingeni eliphakeme neziphezulu, ulungise isakhiwo somkhiqizo wezolimo, uqinise ukuphathwa kwezitshalo zasensimini, wenze amasu okuvundisa ngokwesayensi, njll. Izinsizakusebenza zezolimo ngokubuka kokuthuthuka kwesayensi kanye nokwenza okuhlelekile Ukuthunyelwa okuphumelelayo kanye nokuphathwa kungafinyelela intuthuko ephelele nokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza, kuthuthukise ngempumelelo ukusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza nezinzuzo zentuthuko esimeme, futhi kusize ukukhulisa imali engenayo yokukhiqiza kwezolimo nokusebenza kahle. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuthola ngokunembile futhi ngesikhathi esifanele futhi usebenzise imininingwane ehlukahlukene yezinsiza yezolimo yanamuhla.
3.1 Kusetshenziswe ekukhiqizweni kwamamephu e-elekthronikhi asemapulazini
Ukuze usebenzise futhi uthuthukise ubuchwepheshe bezolimo obunembile, ibalazwe le-elekthronikhi lamapulazi lenziwa ngokusho kwepulazi elinyiwe. Ngokomsebenzi wemishini yokwamukela i-GPS, abalimi bangahamba bazungeze ipulazi isiyingi, ngaleyo ndlela babone umkhawulo wesikhundla somngcele wepulazi. Ukuze kugcinwe imingcele ehlukahlukene yepulazi ihambisana nolwazi lwangempela lwepulazi, abalimi kufanele bavuselele futhi baphenye ngesimo sokukhula kwezitshalo, ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhi zomhlabathi, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi kanye nesimo sokusebenza epulazini ngesikhathi esifanele. Uhlelo lwe-GPS lusetshenziselwa ukwenza ngcono izindawo ezinoshintsho olukhulu endaweni yezwe epulazini, ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqoshwa okunembile nokubekwa kwesathelayithi.
It also includes important factors such as roads, reservoirs, houses, ditches, etc. distributed in the farmland, which are accurately displayed on the farmland electronic map. After recording the various data on the farmland, use the downloaded and recorded farmland boundary and topographic data, and apply relevant software to make a farmland electronic map for later use.
3.2 Kusetshenziselwe uphenyo olunembile lwezakhamzimba zenhlabathi
Ngokusampulwa kwenhlabathi, ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhi zomhlabathi kungatholakala, okunikeza isisekelo sokukhulelwa kwesayensi futhi kukhulise ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo. Ukusampula kwenhlabathi kungenziwa kusetshenziswa i-GPS kanye nesoftware ehambelana nayo. Ngokuya ngezidingo zokulinganisa, isampuli ye-GPS isetshenziselwa ukuqoqa amasampula omhlabathi epulazini. Ukuma kwephuzu ngalinye lesampula kungagcwaliswa ngobuchwepheshe be-GPS obuhlukile. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokuya ngokuqukethwe komsoco kusampula nakumephu yesimo sendawo yenhlolovo, kuhlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe be-GIS, inhlabathi esendaweni Imephu yokusabalalisa okuqukethwe kwezakhi idonswa ukuze inikeze isisekelo esinokwethenjelwa sabalimi sokufaka umanyolo ngokwesayensi nokuhlelela okunengqondo ukutshala. Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo, ukubeka i-GPS kungasetshenziselwa ukuqoqa idatha, futhi amasampula omhlabathi namasampula wezitshalo epulazini angaqhathaniswa futhi ahlaziywe, nokukhula kwezitshalo ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene nokuqukethwe komsoco womhlabathi ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene kungenziwa imephu ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-GPS nobuchwepheshe be-RS. Imephu idwetshelwe ukuthola umkhiqizo wezolimo wanamuhla ngokuphathwa kwesayensi kanye nomthethonqubo oqondile.
3.3 Isetshenziswe emishini yesimanje yezolimo
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-GPS kwezolimo ngokunemba kwesimanje kwenzelwa ukubeka kahle, ukukalwa kwendawo kanye nokuhamba kwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yamapulazi. Ukuze kufezeke lezi zinhloso, abamukeli be-GPS kufanele baxhunyaniswe eduze nemishini yamapulazi ukuze kutholakale ukuma okuqondile, ukukalwa kwendawo kanye nokuzulazula okuzenzakalelayo kwepulazi emisebenzini ehlukahlukene yamapulazi.
(1) Kufakwa ogandaganda abangenamuntu. Ogandaganda abangenamuntu basebenzisa i-GPS nezinhlelo eziseduze komhlaba ukuzulazula ukusebenza kwamapulazi kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obungagunyaziwe. Ogandaganda abangenamuntu bangakhulula umsebenzi wabalimi, abadingi ukusebenza kwabashayeli, futhi bangenza imisebenzi emihle ngokuqhubekayo amahora angama-24. Isikhala sangaphakathi singasetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwamathuluzi wezolimo, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kweyunithi yonke.
(2) Kusetshenziselwe ukuhlanganisa abavuni. Lolu hlobo lomvuni lufakelwe isamukeli sohlelo lokubeka umhlaba jikelele kanye nohlelo lokwaziswa kwendawo. Lapho kuvuna izitshalo, inzwa yesivuno kanye nobuchwepheshe be-DGPS bungathola idatha yokusatshalaliswa kokukhishwa kwesitshalo ngasinye epulazini, bese ifaka le datha kukhompyutha ukwenza ukusatshalaliswa kokukhishwa kwe-Figure; Bese ufaka izinto ezithinta isivuno sezitshalo kukhompyutha ukuze uqhathanise, hlaziya izizathu ezithile zomehluko wokuvunwayo, futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokuzixazulula, ukuze kufezekiswe inhloso yokwandisa isivuno sesivuno sensimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isoftware yokulawula ehlakaniphile yemishini yezolimo ingasetshenziselwa ukwandisa isivuno sezitshalo ngokuya ngezidingo zangempela, njengokutshala imishini, imishini yokuvikela izitshalo, imishini yokufaka umquba, njll .; unyaka ngamunye, uhlelo olusha lokutshala izitshalo lwensimu olusha lwenziwa ngokuqhathanisa idatha ephumayo. Finyelela umgomo wesimanje wokutshala kwezolimo wokutshala okuhle.
(3) Kusetshenziswe ekukhulelweni okuguquguqukayo. Umanyolo wenziwa ngokuya ngesidingo sezitshalo, bese umfakisicelo osebenzisa umanyolo oguquguqukayo othomathikhi esetshenziswa ukuqeda. Okokuqala, isamukeli se-GPS sisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa indawo lapho kutshalwa khona izitshalo futhi kutholakale nedatha yomugqa wendawo yokutshala izitshalo. Idatha ifakwa kukhompyutha ukwenza imephu ye-elekthronikhi, bese leyo mininingwane icutshungulwa uhlelo lolwazi lokuma komhlaba ukuphenya indawo yepulazi. Imininingwane yezakhi zomhlabathi kanye ne-database yokukhiqiza. Okwesibili, faka idatha kanye nedatha yesinqumo sendawo yokusebenza ohlelweni lokulawula uhlelo lokufaka umanyolo oluguquguqukayo, vumela umfakisicelo womanyolo enze imisebenzi yokufaka umquba ngaphakathi kwepulazi, bese usebenzisa isamukeli se-GPS ukuthola imininingwane yokuma okuhlukahlukene kusuka kusathelayithi ukwahlulela Isinqumo sikamanyolo seyunithi ngayinye yokusebenza kwamapulazi Ulwazi, lawula ukufakwa kofaka isicelo kukamanyolo, bese ufeza inhloso yokulungisa ngokuzenzakalela umanyolo enhlabathini ehambisanayo.
(4) Kusetshenziswe ekuphenyweni kwezifo zezitshalo nezinambuzane eziyizinambuzane. Ukuvela kwezifo kanye nezinambuzane ezinambuzane kubonakala ngesikhathi esifushane sokudlulisa nendawo enkulu yokusabalala, eyingozi kakhulu ezitshalweni. Sebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-GPS ukuqoqa imininingwane efanele mayelana nezindawo lapho izinambuzane nezifo zenzeka khona, bese uzifaka emnyangweni wokulawulwa kwezinambuzane nge-Intanethi ukuze wenze izinqumo. Ngokolwazi lwangempela oluqoqwe ubuchwepheshe be-GPS, umnyango wokuvimbela nokulawula ungathola indlela esakazekayo nendawo nokusabalalisa ukuthambekela kwezinambuzane kukhompyutha, ukuze kwenziwe izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvimbela nokulawula ezincike kulolu lwazi ukunciphisa ezomnotho ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa izinambuzane ekulimeni kwamapulazi.
4 Isiphetho
Emkhakheni wezolimo wanamuhla, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-GPS kuyasiza ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhulisweni kwezinzuzo zezolimo eziqondile, futhi kungaqinisekisa ukuthi ezolimo zifeza izinhloso zokusebenza kahle kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Lokhu futhi kuyinkambiso enkulu yentuthuko yamanje yezolimo.
Isikhathi Iposi: Sep-25-2020