The basic principle of eCall can be described as: in the event of a car accident, the vehicle system automatically dials an emergency call, and at the same time sends information about the car accident to the call center through the voice channel.
Vehicle system: In-Vehicle System (IVS)
Call Center: Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP)
Related information: Minimum Set of Data (MSD)
The content contained in the MSD message can include: location information, time, number of passengers, license plate number, and other information needed for emergency rescue.
It is precisely because after a car accident, the service center can receive the car accident information immediately, so rescue operations can be started quickly, thereby reducing casualties.
The eCall system can automatically transmit the vehicle model, vehicle type, vehicle diagnostic information, and vehicle location information in an emergency. PSAP (Public Safety Answering Point) or TPSP (Third Party Service Providers) can promptly dispatch relevant rescue teams to take rescue measures based on this information. At present, in addition to the EU's mandatory requirement to support eCall in April 2018, Russia has also started its ERA-GLONASS requirement based on the Glonass system, which is actually the Russian version of the "eCall" system.
ecall standard
1. eCall standard
The current eCall standards mainly include three types of standards, one is the European eCall standard, the other is the Russian ERA-Glonass standard, which is modified on the basis of the European eCall standard, and there is a 2021 United Arab Emirates Passenger cars and trucks less than 3.5 tons must be equipped with E-call.
2. How to initiate eCall
There are two ways of initiating eCall, one is the way of actively initiating. This method is initiated by the personnel on the vehicle who actively triggers the eCall button on the vehicle. Another way is passive initiation. For example, due to a traffic accident, the sensor on the car triggers the dialing of the eCall phone. When these two types of eCall are triggered, the data field sent from the vehicle to PSAP or TPSP will indicate whether it is a manually triggered or passively triggered eCall.
3. Data transmitted by eCall
In the European standard eCall, when the phone is triggered, the data transmitted from the vehicle to the PSAP or TPSP is called MSD (Minimum Set of Data). These data are extreme data required for rescue and the like. In order to ensure the timeliness and security consistency of eCall transmission data, the European eCall standard requires that the modem on the vehicle must meet the In-band modem standard defined in the eCall standard (specifically defined in one of the 3GPP standards). At the same time, the PSAP and TPSP servers also need to integrate In-band modem.
The standard MSD data has 140 bytes. After the eCall is dialed, the system will first transmit the MSD data and then connect to the voice call.
The MSD of European standard eCall includes the following data:
1. Message identifier;
2. Reasons for eCall triggering: automatic triggering or manual triggering;
3. eCall type: real eCall or eCall;
4. Vehicle type: car, bus, etc.;
5. The unique identification number of the vehicle;
6. Fuel tank type;
7. Timestamp;
8. Vehicle location information: that is, the latitude and longitude information of the vehicle;
9. The accuracy of location information;
10. The driving direction of the car;
11. The most recent historical location of the car (optional);
12. Number of passengers (optional);
13. Other optional information besides the above;
The biggest differences between eCall and ordinary emergency calls are:
1. The call will be made automatically (of course, it can also be done manually)
2. To achieve this, there must be a collision detection device in the vehicle system. When the device detects that a traffic accident occurs, it immediately initiates an eCall call.
3. MSD data will be sent
The MSD data written in the front includes location information, time, number of passengers, license plate number, and other information related to the car accident, which is essentially all the information needed for rescue. The sending of MSD data has the following characteristics:
a. MSD starts to transmit after the eCall is connected, earlier than the voice call. That is, the call center communicates with the owner only after receiving the MSD data.
b. The call center can also request to receive MSD data again during the voice call.
c. During MSD transmission, the phone is silent.
d. There are two modes for MSD transmission, push mode and pull mode: MSD transmission initiated by IVS is Push Mode, and that initiated by PSAP is Pull Mode.
eCall standard
There are two major standards for eCall:
• PAN-EUROPEAN: EU standard
• ERA-GLONASS: Russian standard, it can be seen from the name that it is one of the components of Russia's GLONASS satellite positioning system.
in,
EU standards fully comply with 3GPP standards
Russian standards are compatible with EU standards, but there are some differences, mainly:
• Redial mechanism is different
• MSD has different optional data, while Glonass has more optional data.
• If the MSD transmission fails, you can resend it with a short message
3GPP standard:
• ETSI TS 126 267: ecall definition
• ETSI TS 126 267: ecall code
• ETSI TS 126 267: ecall certification
GLONASS standard:
Russia's GLONASS satellite positioning system has a lot of files, some of which are related to eCall
• GOST 32450-2013: Global Satellite Navigation System - Vehicle Transport Navigation Equipment - Technical Requirements
• GOST R 54721-2011: Global Navigation Satellite System — Road Accident Emergency Response System — Description of Basic Services
• GOST R 54618-2011: Vehicle-mounted emergency call system——Electromagnetic compatibility, environmental resistance and mechanical resistance requirements compliance test method
• GOST R 54619-2011: Data transmission protocol for in-vehicle emergency call system and emergency response system infrastructure
• GOST R 54620-2011: Vehicle Emergency Call System - General Technical Requirements
• GOST R 55530-2013: In-vehicle emergency call system function test method and data transmission protocol
• GOST R 55533-2013: In-vehicle emergency call system — tests of wireless communication modules
ecall scheme
From April 1, 2018, cars sold in the EU need to install the eCall module. When a serious vehicle accident occurs, the emergency system will automatically send the data to the European unified emergency telephone number 112, so as to obtain a quick response from the emergency service center.
Most OEM manufacturers have already used Rohde & Schwarz's CMW500 wireless comprehensive tester for a long time. The R&S CMW-KA094 eCall solution can emulate a public safety answering point according to the EN standard, providing reception for emergency call systems of vehicle manufacturers and suppliers. In addition, as an extended option, the program also supports the Russian ERA-Glonass.
The R&S CMW-KA094 application software based on the CMW500 platform was developed for eCall and is used together with the R&S SMBV100A GNSS emulator. The software simulates a PSAP, controls the R&S CMW500 wireless simulation network, and at the same time controls the GNSS simulator, which provides position data for the location of the accident. In addition, the R&S SMBV100A also supports acceptance of Annex VI requirements of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/79. Using the R&S CMWrun sequencer software, users can directly use the prepared examples to perform conformance to ETSI TS 103 412, CEN EN 16454 or GOST 33467 standards. This also shows that the overall system functions in accordance with Commission Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/79.aa
The independent laboratory CETECOM has now certified the Rohde & Schwarz eCall solution. CETECOM has verified the implementation of the eCall Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) of the pan-European emergency call system on the Rohde & Schwarz solution. The solution complies with CEN EN 16454:2015 standard. This is a prerequisite for compliance with Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2017/79. CETECOM is officially designated by the German Federal Motor Transport Administration to provide technical services for eCall. After March 31, 2018, vehicles sold in the EU must be equipped with an eCall module. The R&S CMW-KA094 solution is the first independently certified PSAP system based on the wireless comprehensive tester platform.
Rohde & Schwarz offers a replicable end-to-end functional and standards-compliant compact conformance solution for eCall and ERA-Glonass. Manufacturers and suppliers can use these to verify whether the communication module initiates an emergency call in the event of a vehicle accident; whether the relevant data can be obtained through the mobile network; whether a voice connection can be established with the PSAP. Laboratories and vehicle manufacturers can use this solution for type certification and for other applications that require emulation of mobile networks, such as location-independent car phones.
Rohde & Schwarz is developing the eCall function based on the LTE system for future vehicle information systems. In addition to eCall, Rohde & Schwarz supports others in the vehicle industry, such as V2X communication (from the vehicle to other users).